Basic Laws and Legal Knowledge

Fundamental legal concepts, definitions, and principles explained in simple terms

All Laws
Constitutional Law
Criminal Law
Civil Law
Commercial Law
Family Law
constitutional
1950
Constitution of India, 1950

The supreme law of India that establishes the framework of government and fundamental rights

Enacted

1/26/1950

Last Amended

2023

Significance

Supreme law that governs all other laws in India

criminal
1860
Indian Penal Code, 1860

The main criminal code that defines crimes and prescribes punishments

Enacted

10/6/1860

Last Amended

2023

Significance

Primary criminal law applicable throughout India

civil
1908
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

Procedural law governing civil litigation in Indian courts

Enacted

1/1/1908

Last Amended

2022

Significance

Governs all civil court procedures in India

commercial
1872
Indian Contract Act, 1872

Law governing contracts and agreements between parties

Enacted

4/25/1872

Last Amended

2020

Significance

Foundation of commercial law in India

family
1955
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

Law governing Hindu marriages, divorce, and related matters

Enacted

5/18/1955

Last Amended

2019

Significance

Primary law governing Hindu family matters

commercial
2019
Consumer Protection Act, 2019

Law protecting consumer rights and providing redressal mechanisms

Enacted

7/20/2019

Last Amended

2023

Significance

Comprehensive consumer protection framework

Essential Legal Concepts

Burden of Proof

The obligation to prove allegations or charges in a legal proceeding

Example: In criminal cases, prosecution must prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt

Natural Justice

Fundamental principles of fair procedure in legal proceedings

Example: Right to be heard and right to an unbiased decision-maker

Limitation Period

Time limit within which legal proceedings must be initiated

Example: 3 years for most civil suits, no limitation for murder cases